SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
AND SYLLABI
OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT)
(ACADEMIC SESSION AUG., 2002-2004)
GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY
KASHMERE GATE, DELHI–110006
Scheme of Examination
ACADEMIC
SESSION 2002 – 2004
Master of Science (Environment
Management)
First Semester
Theory
Papers
Code No. Subject L T P Credits
BA-601 Mathematics 2 1 0 3
EM-601 Environmental Sampling and Data Analysis 2 1 0 3
EM-603 Environmental Microbiology and Chemistry 3 0 0 3
EM-605 Environmental Geology & Natural
Disaster Management 2 1 0 3
EM-607 Water Supply and Treatment 2 1 0 3
EM-609 Energy and Environment 2 1 0 3
MS-611 Management Process and Organisational
Behaviour 3 0 0 3
Practical/Viva-Voce
EM-651 Water and Wastewater 0 0 4 2
EM-653 Environmental Monitoring 0 0 4 2
IT-665 Introduction to Computers 0 0 2 1
Total 16 5 10 26
Second Semester[1]
Theory Papers
Code No. Subject L T P Credits
EM-602 Ecology and Sustainable Development 3 0 0 3
EM-604 Environmental Modelling 3 1 0 4
EM-606 Solid Waste Management and Disposal 3 0 0 3
EM-608 Wastewater Treatment 2 1 0 3
EM-610 Environmental Management and Planning 3 0 0 3
EM-612 Environmental Impact Assessment and 3 1 0 4
Risk Analysis
EM-614 Landuse Survey and GIS Applications 3 0 0 3
Practical/Viva-Voce
EM-652 Environmental Modelling 0 0 4 2
EM-654 Landuse Survey and GIS Applications 0 0 2 1
Total 20 3 6 26
Third Semester
Theory Papers
Code No. Subject L T P Credits
EM-711 Air Pollution and Control 2 1 0 3
MS-713 Natural Resources Management and Economics 2 1 0 3
EM-715 Industrial Pollution Control 3 0 0 3
EM-717 Environmental Microbial Technology 3 0 0 3
MS-703 Project Management 3 0 0 3
EM-719 Summer
Training Report2 0 0 0 3
Select any Two
EM-721 Advanced Remote Sensing/GIS Techniques 3 1 0 4
in Environmental Management
EM-723 Advanced Statistical Techniques Applied to 3 1 0 4
Environmental Systems
EM-725 Energy Management and Planning 3 1 0 4
EM-727 Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment
Design 3 1 0 4
EM-729 Environmental Bio-Technology 3 1 0 4
Practical/Viva-Voce
EM-755 Environmental Microbial Technology 0 0 2 1
Total 19 4 2 27
2 The summer
training reports will be evaluated in two parts. The Corporate Executive, under
whose guidance the summer training project has been completed, shall award
marks out of 50. And for the remaining 50 marks an Internal Board of Examiners
shall be considered by the Vice-Chancellor on the recommendations of the Dean.
Fourth
Semester
Code No. Subject L T P Credits
EM-758 Seminar and Progress Report3 4 0 0 4
EM-760 Dissertation4 0 0 0 22
Total 4 0 0 26
Total No. of Credits offered in all four semesters5 105
3 Evaluation will be based on the report and their presentations in the presence of at-least three faculty members of the School duly approved by the Vice-Chancellor.
4 The student will submit a synopsis at the beginning of the semester for approval from the departmental committee in a specified format. The student will have to present the progress of the work through seminars and progress reports. Evaluation of dissertation will be based on thesis and viva/voce by the Board of Examiners comprising of the External Expert & Internal Supervisor. The names of the External Examiner shall be approved by the Vice-Chancellor by the recommendations of the Dean.
5 The student will require to earn minimum of 100 credits for the award of the degree (Ref. GGSIPU/SMS/2000/1850, minutes of the Joint Meeting of the Curriculum Development Committee).
The student will not have the option to drop any course covered in the scheme of examination. He/she will be required to register for all the courses listed in the scheme of examination.
l t/p
Credits
2 1 3
BA 601 - MATHEMATICS
Differential
Calculus : Functions–Logarthmic, exponential, hyperbolic, limit of a function,
derivative of functions, implicit functions, chain rule, application of
derivative, Maxima and Minima; successive differentiation; Partial
differentiation; total differentiation; Taylor’s series for functions of single
and multiple variables; Maxima and Minima of functions for two or more
variables.
Integral
Calculus : Integration : Simple techniques; Reduction formulae properties of
definite integrals; Application of integration to areas, lengths, arcs, surface
and volume of solids of revolution; Simpson’s and Trapezoidal rule.
Differential
Equations : Linear differential equations of first order and first degree
(Leibnitz and Bernoulli’s form), General linear differential equations with
constant coefficients, Operator D. Complementary function; Particular integral.
Linear
Algebra : Matrix, Determinant, Rank and inverse of a matrix, Solution of linear
system of equation, Guass elimination method.
Text
/ References :
1.
M.K. Singhal & Asha Singhal, Algebra, R. Chand & Co.
2.
Shanti Narayan, Matrices, S. Chand & Co.
3.
G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus and Analytic Geometry,
Addison-Wesley/Narosa.
4.
E. Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 5th Ed.,
Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1985.
5.
N.M. Kapoor, Differential Equations, Pitamber Pub Co.
6.
Schaum Outline Series, Differential Equations, McGraw Hill.
7.
Schaum Outline Series, Linear Algebra, McGraw Hill.
l t/p
Credits
2 1 3
EM 601 - ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING AND DATA ANALYSIS
Introduction
An overview of
environmental systems; Generation of environmental data; Types and objectives
of environmental studies; Random processes, Stochastic processes in the
environment; Significance / relevance of data analysis in environmental
management.
Sampling
Environmental Systems
Introduction: Need and
Purpose of sampling, Population and Sample, Sampling with and without
replacement, Population parameters; Environmental sampling design: Methods for
selecting sampling locations and times; Simple random sampling; Stratified
random sampling; Two stage sampling; Compositing and three-stage sampling;
Systematic sampling; Double sampling; Sampling Theory: Sampling distributions
of - Means, Difference of means, Proportion, Variances; Estimation of
parameters: Point and Interval estimates; Confidence interval estimation of -
Means, Difference of means, Proportion, Variances; Sample size determination
for different sampling designs; Tests of Hypotheses: Hypotheses testing
procedure; Type I and Type II Errors; Level of significance; Parametric tests
(Concerning Means, Difference of means, Proportion, Variances) – Tests of
significance for large samples, Special tests of significance for small
samples; Goodness-of-fit tests – Chi-Squared test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test;
Nonparametric tests – Sign test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, Wilcoxon Rank-Sum
test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Runs test; Analysis of variance : One-way analysis,
two way analysis, Design of experiments; Factorial experimentation.
Environmental
Data Analysis
Measurement Uncertainty:
Elias, precision and Accuracy; Variability and Errors in environmental
pollution data; Outlier detection – Different tests for outlier detection;
Quality assurance and quality control (Internal and External); Control Charts:
Description and Theory, Application and Limitations; Analysis of trend in the
environmental data: Detecting and estimating trend, Trends and seasonality.
Environmental
Standards
Uncertainty and variation
associated with environmental standard setting; An overview of environmental
standard setting; Broad principle of setting sound standards.
Recommended Readings
1. Joseph, A.J. (1997). Health,
Safety and Environmental Data Analysis, Lewis Publishers : New York.
2. Pentecost, A. (1999). Analysing
Environmental Data. Longman : London.
3. Gilbert, R.O. (1987). Statistical
Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, New York, Van Nostrand
Reinhold.
4. McBeen, E.A. (1999). Statistical
Procedures for Analysis of Environmental Monitoring Data.
5.
Keith,
L.H. (Ed.) (1988). Principles of
Environmental Sampling ACS Professional References, American Chemical
Society.
6.
Berthouex,
P.M. and Brown, L.C. (1994). Statistical
for Environmental Engineers. Lewis Publishers, CRC Press.
7.
Johnson,
R.A. (1999). Miller & Freund’s
Probability and Statistical for Engineers (5th edn).
Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi.
8.
Walpole,
R.E. and Myers, R.H. (1985). Probability
and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists
(3rd edn). Macmillan Publishing Company: New York.
l t/p
Credits
3 0 3
EM 603 - ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIology AND CHEMISTRY
Microbes
and Environment : Introduction to environmental microbiology;
Diversity of microorganisms; Microbial growth and metabolism.
Microbiology
and Soil Chemistry : Microbial habitat in soil; General characteristics
& activities of microorganisms in surface soil, shallow subsurface
environment, and Deep subsurface environment (Deep Vadose Zone and Deep
Saturate Zone); Microbial plant interaction in the soil; Microorganisms and
biogeochemical cycles; Nitrogen Cycles
– Nitrogen assimilation, Mineralization; Nitrification; Denitrification;
Fixation – Symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation; Carbon Cycles – Carbon assimilation; Mineralization and residue
decomposition; Soil organic matter (SOM) and humus formation; Environmental
consequences of bio transformation of sulfur, phosphorus, and iron in soil;
Effect of ecological factor on toxicity of soil; Microbes and soil fertility
improvement.
Aeromicrobiology
and Chemistry : Extramural aeromicrobiology; Intramural aeromicrobiology; Important
airborne pathogens; Airborne toxins; Bio aerosols; Nature of bio aerosols; Bio
aerosol control; Bio safety in the laboratory; Role of microorganisms in air
pollution control (bio-scrubbers and bio-filters); Microbes and global warming.
Microbiology
and Aquatic Chemistry : Microbial habitat in the aquatic environment – Planktonic; Benthic; Microbial mats;
Biofilms; Role of Microorganisms in Wastewater and Water Treatment; Bioassay
tests for toxicity evaluation; Pathogens and Indicator microorganisms;
Eutrophication of water bodies.
Toxic
Chemicals in the Environment : Basic principles of bio transformation;
Biodegradation and acclimatization; Biochemical aspects of arsenic, cadmium,
lead, mercury, pesticides, insecticides, and carcinogens in the environment.
Text / References :
1.
Salvia David M., Principles & Applications of Soil Microbiology.
2.
Mark Coyne, Soil Microbiology : An Explorations.
3.
Gary W. Vanloon and Stephen J. Duffy, Environmental Chemistry.
4.
Alcano, Fundamentals of Microbiology.
l t/p Credits
2 1 3
EM 605 - Environmental geology and NATURAL DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Atmospheric
Environment : Structure of the atmosphere; Hydrostatic equation; Pressure,
temperature, precipitation, humidity and radiation; Cloud classification and
formation; Effective gravity and Coriolis force; El Nino phenomenon; Western
disturbances; Energy balance model and energy budget of the earth.
Environmental
Oceanography: Coastal oceanography; Coastal engineering; Energy propagation by
surface waves; Tidal prediction; Ocean water composition, Circulation: Coral
reefs and Coastal meteorology.
Terrestrial
Environment : Primary differentiation and formation of core, mantle, crust,
atmosphere and hydrosphere; magma generation and formation of igneous rock;
weathering; erosion; transportation and deposition of earth’s material by
running water; river meandering and formation of ox-bow lake.
Disaster
Management
Floods – River flooding,
flood palins, drainage basins, nature and frequency of flooding, flood hazards,
urbanisation and flooding, flood hydrographs, flood plain management and
control.
Land slides – causes, human
use and land slide analysis, determination of stability and safety factor.
Coastal hazards – tropical
cyclone, coastal erosion, sea level changes and its impact on coastal areas and
coastal zone management.
Earth quakes – causes,
intensity and magnitude of earthquakes, geographic distribution of earthquakes zones, seismic waves,
travel-time and location of epicenter, nature of destruction, aseismic
designing, quake resistant buildings and dams.
Volcanoes – nature, extent
and causes of volcanism, volcanic materials, geographic distribution of
volcanoes.
Text
/ References :
1. William H. Dennen and Bruce R. Moore, WCB Publishers, Iowa, 1986.
2. John M. Wallace and Peter V. Hobbs, Atmospheric Science : An
Introductory Survey, Academic Press, New York, 1977.
3. Egbort Bocker and Rienk Van Grondille, Environmental Physics, John
Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1999.
4. Barbar W. Murk et. al., Environmental
Geology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996.
l t/p Credits
2 1 3
em 607 - WATER SUPPLY AND
TREATMENT
Water
resources of India: Water availability in India - an overview; Water
stress index, status and trend of ground water over exploitation, impact of
ground water development and depletion, status and trends of surface water
utilization and consumption, domestic water supply - current status, water use
in industrial sector.
Public
Water Supply Schemes : Planning and preparing water supply projects,
predicting demand of water, population forecasting, factors effecting water
demand, impurities of water, their significance and techniques of estimations,
water borne diseases, standards of potable water, components of water supply
schemes, Water treatment flowsheet.
Treatment
Technologies
Aerations : Significance of aeration, gas
transfer and Henry’s law, fixed film and micro-eddies theory, design
considerations for cascade aerator, tray aerators, spray aerators.
Coagulation and Flocculation : Purpose and mechanism of flocculation, coagulants
used in water treatment, chemical equations, factors influencing coagulation,
estimation of coagulant dose, coagulant feed devices, Rapid mixers, design
consideration for mechanical and hydraulic mixers, types of flocculators,
design criteria for baffle flocculators, pebble bed flocculator, Alabana type
floculator, mechanical clariflocculators.
Sedimentation : Classification of settling, settling velocity,
analysis of discrete and flocculent settling, types of sedimentation tanks,
high rate sedimentation techniques.
Filtration : Mechanism of filtration, Selection of
sand for filter beds, types of filters-slow sand filtration, rapid filtration,
dual media filters, multimedia filters, Hydraulic of filtration, components of
filtration unit, Backwash mechanism and sand bed expansion, design of various
components of filtration unit.
Disinfection : Chemical and non chemical methods of
disinfection, factors effecting efficiency of disinfection, rate of
disinfection, chick’s law.
Tertiary
Treatment Techniques :
Adsorption, Defluoridation, Desalinisation through distillation, ion exchange,
Reverse Osmosis and Electrodylasis, Water softening, Removal of iron and
manganese.
Text /
References :
1. CPHEEO manual on Water Supply & Treatment.
2. Water purification & Wastewater Treatment & Disposal, by Fair G.M., Geyer J.C. & Okun D.A., Wiley & Toppan.
3. EPA Publications.
4. Articles published in various journals.
l t/p Credits
2 1 3
EM 609 -Energy AND Environment
Fundamental
of Energy : Energy; work and power; different form of energy; first and second law
of thermodynamics, standard cycles, heat transfer, concept of entropy and
photosynthesis.
Relationship
among Energy, Environment and Economical Level of Development : Resources of
energy and energy use pattern in different parts of the world; Indian energy
scenario for domestic, agriculture, transport and industrial sector and its
impact on the environment.
Conventional
Energy Sources and Technology : Coal; petroleum; natural gas; lignite;
cracking of petroleum; furnace; boiler; turbines; fluidized bed systems and
combined cycle systems; resources and reserves for oil, coal, natural gas; nuclear energy- fission energy, fusion
energy, principles of MHD generator, MHD equation and power from MHD systems.
Renewable
Energy Sources : Solar energy; Flat plate collectors, theory of Flat
plate collectors, Photovoltaics & Solar Ponds. wind energy; tidal energy;
geo-thermal; mini and micro hydropower development; ocean energy(OTEC); biomass
gasification for thermal, electrical and mechanical power generation; biomass
gasifier systems; gasifier coupled dual fuel engine systems; characteristics of
producer gas; efficient & pollution free biomass stoves; bio-conservation
technology; energy recovery from wastes; and environmental impacts of large
scale exploitation of renewable energy.
Energy
Conservation and Energy Economics : Energy efficiency at
national level; Improving energy efficiency; Energy analysis; Concept of exergy
(theoretical treatment); Capital recovery factor; Levelised annual cost;
Economic analysis of wind electric generation and thermal power systems.
Text
/ References :
1. John W. Twidell and Anthony D. Weir, E. &
F. N. Spon Ltd., London, 1986.
2. Edward H. Thorndike, Energy & Environment
: A Primer for Scientists and Engineers, Addition-Wesley Publishing Company,
Reading, 1976.
3. Thomas B. Johanson et. al., Renewable Energy
: Sources for Fuels and Electricity, Earth Scan Publications Ltd., London.
4. David Merrick and Richard Marshall,
Energy-Present and Future options, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981.
5. P. Chartier et. al., Biomass for Energy &
Environment, proceedings of the European Biomass Conference, Pergamon Press,
1996.
l t/p
Credits
3 0 3
MS 611 - MANAGEMENT PROCESS
& ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
The purpose of
this course is to help students develop an understanding of management
principles and functions and gain an insight into behavioural processes at work
in organisations.
Management
Meaning and nature of
management; Managerial functions, roles and skills; Evolution of management
thought; Planning process, problem solving and decision making; Organisation
structure and design; Control processes.
Organisational
Behaviour
Organisational Behaviour as
a field of study; Perception; Attitudes and job satisfaction; Personality;
Learning; Motivation; Interpersonal and organisational communication; Group
Dynamics; Leadership Organisational culture; Management of conflict; Coping
with stress; Management of change.
Text
/ References :
1.
Ancona et. al., Organisations Behaviour Processes : South-Western
College Publishing, Boston, USA, 1999.
2.
Jit S. Chandan, Organisation Behaviour, 2nd Ed., Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1994.
3.
Paul Hersey et. al., Management of Organisation Behaviour, Utilizing
Human Resource, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1998.
l t/p
Credits
3 0 3
EM 602 - Ecology and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Ecosystem
: Ecosystem
types, Structures and functions, Abiotic and biotic components, Energy flows,
Food webs, Ecological pyramids, Productivity.
Population
Ecology : Population characteristics, Models of population growth and interaction
- lotka - volterra model.
Community
Ecology : Structure and dynamics, Community
ecology and Pray predator relationships.
Bio-diversity
: Definition,
Bio-diversity concerns Hot spots of bio-diversity, bio-diversity conservation
practices, biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries.
Water
Resources : Surface water and ground water, Water shed management, Water
harvesting technologies.
Land
Resources : Land use pattern, Eco-generation of wastelands, Soil erosion and
conservation, Soil reclamation.
Forest
Resources : Forest and environment, National forest resources, Forest management,
National forest policy.
Wild
Life Management : Wild life population pattern, Range and habitat,
Endangered and rare species.
Sustainable Development : The concept of
sustainable development; Environmental degradation and conservation issues;
Global change and sustainability issues; Ecosystems and social processes in :
(a) Rehabilitation of degraded rural landscape, (b) Rehabilitation of
unbalanced soils, (c) Rehabilitation of specialized habits, e.g. water bodies,
mangroves, (d) Mined area rehabilitation; Carrying capacity and regional
planning.
Text / References :
1.
Richard B. Primack, Essentials of Conservation Biology.
2.
Charles J. Kreb, Ecology.
3.
Odum and Eugene P., Ecology and our Endangered Life Support System.
4.
Owen and Oliver S., Natural Resource Conservation : An Ecological
Approach.
5.
Smith and Robert Leo, Element of Ecology.
l t/p Credits
3 1 4
EM 604 - ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING
Introduction : Environmental systems - an
introduction; An overview of mathematical models applied to various
environmental issues; Concept, need, scope and objectives of environmental
modelling; Role of mathematical Models in environmental quality management;
Model classification – Brief review of different types of models: Mathematical
(Deterministic), Numerical, Stochastic & Physical Models; Different stages
involved in model building; Calibration and verification of model; Limitations
in modelling.
Air Quality Modelling : Air Quality Modelling –
Historical perspective; Air quality models – objectives and aim of Modelling,
approaches to model building, elements of air quality models, classification of
models; Gradient transport model; Eddy diffusion model; Gaussian Plume model –
Point, line, area and multiple source models; Regulatory models; Models for
gaseous and particulate pollutants; Atmospheric chemical reactions and
transformation models; Modelling fugitive emissions; Model performance,
accuracy and utilization.
Water Quality Modelling
General: Water Quality Modelling –
Historical Perspective; Water Quality Models and Water Resource Management
systems.
Fundamentals of Water Quality Modelling: Completely mixed
system - concept of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) : Mass balance
approach, Different types of loading, Feedforward and feedback systems of
reactors; Incompletely mixed system : steady and unsteady-state system.
Surface Water Quality Modelling: River and streams; Estuaries and Lakes; Dissolved
Oxygen Models : DO sag model; BOD model; Streeter Phelps equation for point and
distributed sources; Eutrophication models for lakes and flowing water.
Elements of Ground Water Modelling: Brief overview.
Hazardous Substance Modelling : Toxic chemicals
and trace metal modelling.
Text
/ References :
1.
Thomann,
R.V. and Mueller, J.A. (1987). Principles
of Surface Water Quality Modelling and Control, Harper & Row, New York.
2. Chapra, S.C. (1997). Surface
Water-Quality Modelling. McGraw-Hill International Edition.
3. Benarie, M.M. (1980). Urban
Air Pollution Modelling (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press)
4. Hipel, K.W. and Mcleod, A.I. (1994). Time series Modelling of Water Resources and
Environmental Systems. Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam, Netherlands.
5. Zannetti, P. (1990). Air Pollution Modelling, Theories, Computational Methods and available
Software. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
6. Buonicore, A.J. and Davis, W.T. (1994). Air Pollution Engineering Manual. Air and Waste Management
Association, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold.
7.
Turner,
D.B. (1994). Workbook of Atmospheric
Dispersion Estimates 2nd ed., Ann Arbor, MI: Lewis Publishers.
8. Hadlock, C.R. (?). Mathematical Modelling in the Environment. The Mathematical
Association of America.
l t/p
Credits
3 0 3
EM 606 – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL
Introduction
: Types
and sources of solid wastes, Municipal, solid waste, Industrial solid wastes
and Hazardous wastes, Present scenarios of municipal and industrial waste
management in India.
Properties
of Solid Wastes : Physical and chemical composition of municipal
solid wastes, waste generation rates, factors effecting waste generation rates.
Management
of Solid Wastes in India : Prevalent SWM practices and deficiencies : Storage
of waste at source, segregation of wastes, Primary collection of waste,
transportation of waste, disposal of wastes, institutional deficiencies.
Engineered
Systems of Solid Waste Management : Design specifications of
primary waste collection tools, waste storage bins, transportation vehicles,
route selection and provision of transfer stations.
Disposal
of Wastes : Site selection, rapid EIA of proposed sites, disposal technologies
such as :
Composting : Aerobic
composting, Anaerobic composting, mechanical composting, vermin composting;
advantages and limitations of composting technologies, Economics of composting.
Anaerobic digestion :
Traditional digestors such as KVIC model, Deenbandhu model, emerging
technologies for waste stabilisation.
Incineration: Fuel Pellets,
Refuse derived fuels, mechanical incinerators; advantages and limitations of
incineration.
Sanitary landfilling :
Method of preparing sanitary landfill site, land filling techniques, operation
and maintenance of landfill sites including leachate collection and treatment,
recovery of methane from landfill sites for power generation.
Hazardous
Waste Management : The Hazards, Definition & classification of
Hazardous Waste Hazardous Waste Management, Treatment Technologies, Land
disposal, Biomedical Waste & its Management.
Text
/ References :
1. Solid Wastes Energy Principles &
Management by Techno banoglus, Theisen & Elvasebm, McGraw Hills.
2. Standard handbook of Hazardous Waste
Treatment & Disposal, by Freeman H.M., McGraw Hills.
3. Papers published in various Journals &
Magazines.
l t/p Credits
2 1 3
EM 608 – WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Introduction
: Disposal
standards for wastewater in normal watercourse and on land, estimation of
sewage quantity, flow variations, sewage characterisation, BOD growth curve and
analysis, estimation of BOD rate constant by Thomas slope method.
Water
Purification in Natural Streams : Self-purification of waste in streams, zones
of purifications, eutrophication of lakes.
Sewage
Treatment : Conventional sewage treatment plant flow sheet, variations in flow
sheet for different flow conditions, Description of various units in sewage
treatment plant.
Treatment
Technologies : Physical processes : Screen chamber, Grit chamber, primary settling
tanks, secondary settling tank, sludge drying beds, filter press, vacuum
filtration, belt press.
Biological treatment :
Biology of sewage treatment, biological growth and biological oxidation,
kinetics of biological growth; process description of aerobic and anaerobic
processes.
Operational Principles and
Design of – activated sludge process, extended aeration, Step aeration etc.
Introduction to High Rate
Anaerobic Treatment Technologies – Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket clarifier,
Anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor, anaerobic fluidised bed reactor;
Anaerobic digestors for sludge stabilization.
Low
Cost Treatment Technologies : Septic
tank; Imhoff tank; Oxidation ponds; Aerobic lagoons.
Status
of Water Quality in India : Assessment of causal factors responsible for the
deterioration in water quality, status of surface and ground water quality in
India, National river action plan.
Text
/ References :
1. CPHEEO manual on Sewerage & Sewage
Treatment
2. Water purification & Wastewater Treatment
& Disposal, by Fair G.M., Geyer J.C. & Okun D.A., Wiley & Toppan.
3. Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal
and use by Metceff & Eddy, Inc. Revised, Tata, McGraw Hills.
4. Papers published in various Journals &
Magazines.
l t/p Credits
3 0 3
EM- 610 : Environmental Management
and planning
Environmental
Policies and Strategies : Evolution of environmental policy and major policy
parameters; role of regulatory
agencies; role of NGO’s; public participation for environmental management role
of court and appellate authorities in environmental protection, national and
international conventions.
Legal
Frame work for Environmental Planning : Environmental legislation;
public policy strategies in pollution control; wild life protection act 1972 as
amended 1991; forest conservation act, 1980; Indian forest act (revised) 1982,
air (prevention and control of pollution) act 1981; motor vehicle act, 1988;
the water (prevention and control pollution) act, 1974; water (prevention and
control of pollution) CESS act, 1977; the environment (protection) act, 1986.
Pollution
Prevention and Total Quality Environmental Management : Environmental
indicators; Pollution prevention
methodology; methods for waste minimization; types of recycling; recycling of
waste material; recovery effort index; ISOTC-207 standards; environmental
audit; ISO 14000 series and environmental labelling.
Sustainable
Development Tools and Life Cycle Assessment : Population development and
environment; logistic equation and its solution; maximum sustainable yield;
defining resources; classification of environmental resources; the economics of
harvesting of a renewable resource; economic development and resource use -
natural resource accounting; integrating economic and environmental accounts;
depletion of natural capital; defensive expenditure; greening of national
accounts; evolution of life cycle analysis (LCA); technical frame work for LCA;
life cycle design; life cycle inventory and methodology with case study.
Text
/ References :
1.
Steven L. Erickson & Brian J. King, Fundamentals of Environmental
Management, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999.
2.
S.N. Charry & Vinod Vyasulu, Environmental Management, An Indian
Perspective, Macmillan India Ltd., 2000.
3.
Marry Ann Curran, Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment, McGraw Hill, New
York, 1996.
4.
Chirstopher Sheldon and Mark Yoxon, Installing Environmental Management
Systems, Earthscan, London, 1999.
l t/p
Credits
3 1 4
EM 612 - Environmental Impact Assessment & risk
analysis
Introduction
and Principles : Introduction to environmental impact assessment;
Purpose of EIA; Environmental components, projects and its environmental impacts,
Environmental impact statement; Projects screening and project scoping;
Establishing the environmental baseline.
Impact
Assessment Methodology : Checklists applications; Matrices; Networks;
Overlay maps; Multi attribute utility theory; Environmental evaluation system;
Transnational effects of projects; Impact identification; Impact prediction;
Evaluation and mitigation; Monitoring and auditing in EIA process; Regional and
strategic EIA, Environmental management plan; Cost benefit analysis and its dimensions;
Influence of EIA on project and organisation; Problems of EIA in developing
countries; Public participation in environmental decision making, presentation
and review; EIA report and its contents.
Case
Studies : Case studies of thermal power
plants; river valley projects; opencast mining projects; pulp & paper mill;
urbanisation and linear development.
Risk
Analysis : Definition of risk; Environmental risk analysis; Fundamentals of
hazard, exposure and risk assessment; Risk assessment and management; Basic
steps in risk assessment – Hazard identification, dose response assessment,
exposure assessment and risk characterization; Quantified risk assessment for
industrial accidents; Design of risk management programmes; Risk assessment
application to environmental management problems.
Text
/ References :
1.
Larry W. Canter, Environmental Impact Assessment, 2nd Ed.,
McGraw Hill, New York, 1996.
2.
John Glasson, Riki Therivel and Andrew Chadwick, Introduction to
Environmental Impact Assessment, 2nd Ed., UCL Press, Philadelphia,
USA, 1994.
3.
Environmental Assessment, CIRIA special publication, Dept. of
Environment, U.K., 1996.
4.
Richard K. Morgan, Environmental Impact Assessment : A methodological
perspective, Kluwar Academic Publications, Boston, 1998.
l t/p
Credits
3 0 3
EM 614 - LANDUSE SURVEY AND GIS aPPLICATION
Introduction to Remote Sensing : Definition
of remote sensing; introduction to concepts and systems; Electromagnetic
radiation; electromagnetic spectrum; image characteristics; remote sensing
systems; remote sensing platform; sources of remote sensing information;
advantages of remote sensing.
Microwave Sensing : Types of microwave
systems, advantages, band designation, range resolution, azimuth resolution,
real and synthetic aperture systems, radar equation, radar return and image
signatures, dielectric properties and interaction with vegetation
Surveying : Levelling,
Triangulation, Geodatic survey.
Aerial Photographs and Satellite Imageries : Interaction
between light and matter; characteristics of aerial photographs; visual
interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite imageries; instruments used
in interpretation; Path and Row Index Maps; selecting and ordering images.
Digital Image Processing : Introduction;
image rectification and restoration; image enhancement; manipulation; image
classification; the output stage; data merging; conclusion.
Application of Remote Sensing in Environmental
Management: Natural resource management - forest resources, water resources, land
resources and mineral resources.
Hazard and
disaster mapping and management.
GIS : Introduction to GIS; principle of GIS;
terminology used in GIS; space and time in GIS; maps and its characteristics,
map scale, map symbology; spatial relationship; data structure and spatial
analysis in GIS; GIS data; softwares used in GIS.
Application
of GIS in Environmental Management : Natural resources
management; Disaster management; environmental monitoring assessment; action
plan development of environmental fragile area; environmental monitoring
assessment; GIS and landuse planning.
Text
/ References :
1.
Floyd F. Sabins Jr., Remote Sensing, Principles and interpretation,
W.H. Freeman & Company, New York, 2nd Ed., 1987.
2.
T.M. Lillesand & R.W. Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image
interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994.
l t/p Credits
2 1 3
EM 711 - AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL
Introduction : Air resource
management system; Air quality management; Scales of air pollution problem;
Sources and classification of pollutants and their effect on human health,
vegetation and property; Global implications of air pollution (Depletion of
ozone layer, Green house gases, Acid rain and Photochemical smog).
Air Pollution Meteorology: Meteorology Fundamentals: Meteorological
scales of motion; Temperature in the lower atmosphere-pressure and temperature
relationships in the lower atmosphere, Vertical temperature variation;
Moisture; Atmospheric stability; Adiabatic diagrams; Mixing height; Winds, Wind
roses and pollution roses. Micrometeorology: Atmospheric turbulence -
mechanical and thermal turbulence; Wind profiles - affect of different
parameters on wind profiles; Flux and Gradient Richardson numbers and their
significance in determining atmospheric stability; Pasquill stability classes;
Ventilation coefficient.
Atmospheric Diffusion : Elementary
overview of various atmospheric diffusion theories; Steady-state atmospheric
diffusion equation; Diffusion models : Gaussian concentration distribution -
Gaussian plume idea, Gaussian plume derivation as solution of the atmospheric
diffusion equation, dispersion parameters in Gaussian models, Pasquill-Gifford
Curves; Plume Rise - Momentum and Buoyant Plumes.
Sampling and Monitoring Air Matrices : Scope, Purpose and
Objectives of Air Quality Monitoring Programme; Preliminary information
required for planning an air quality survey; Guidelines for planning a survey;
Design of an air quality surveillance network; Period, frequency and duration
of sampling; Averaging times; Sample size determination; Principles and
instruments for measurement of – (i) ambient air pollutants; and (ii) stack emissions (monitoring).
Air Pollution Control : Air pollution control philosophies: The emission
standard philosophy, The air quality standard philosophy, Emission tax
philosophy and Cost-benefit philosophy; General ideas in air pollution control:
Alternative control measures, Improving dispersion, Building tall stacks,
Intermittent control schemes, Relocation of plant, Process change, Use of
downstream control device. Control of
Particulate Contaminants: Nature of particulate contaminants; Particle size
distribution; Distribution by weight and number; Behaviour of particles in the
atmosphere; Particulate Control Methods and Devices: Wall collection devices - Gravity settlers, Centrifugal
separators, Electrostatic precipitators; Dividing collection devices - surface
filters, Depth filters, Scrubbers;
Selection of particulate collection device. Control of Gaseous Contaminants: Gaseous control methods and
devices - Absorption, Adsorption, Combustion and Condensation. Control of Mobile Source Emissions.
Indoor Air Pollution: Indoor air pollutants; Models; Control of indoor air quality.
Text
/ References :
1. Perkins, H.C. (1974), Air Pollution, McGraw Hill.
2. Stern, A.C. (1980), Air Pollution, Vol. 1-VIII, Academic Press.
3. Nevers, Nod, D. (2000), Air Pollution Control Engineering, McGraw
Hill Int.
4. Sunfield (1998), Chemistry and Physics of
Atmospheric.
L T/P Credits
2 1 3
(Elective
Course)
MS - 713 : NATURAL
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS
Renewable
Resources : Optimal management, common property and open access, fishery : models
of growth with open access, optimal harvest. Forestry : optimal stopping rules,
the faustmann model and commercial forestry.
Non-Renewable
Resources : The hotelling rule and social welfare, variations on the hotelling
rules : exploration, uncertainty in demand and reserves. Growth with exhaustive
resources, concepts and measures of resources scarcity. Natural resource accounting.
Environmental
Economics : Relevance of Environmental economics, economic development in India
and its implication on natural resources and environment, Benefits and costs,
supply and demand, economic efficiency and markets, the economics of
environmental quality, framework of analysis, costs-benefit analysis, cost
criteria for environmental evaluation. Decentralized policies, command and
control strategies, incentive based strategies, emission taxes and subsidies,
Transferable discharge permits, environmental Crutznet curve,
Environment
and foreign trade : Role of institutions- IMF, W.T.O., G.E.F., World
bank etc., international agreements.
Text
References :
1.
Roger Perman et. al., Natural Resources & Environmental Economics,
2nd Ed., Longman, USA, 2000.
2.
M. Comman, Environmental & Resources Economics, Longman, New York,
USA, 1996.
3.
John M. Hart Wick & Nancy D. Olewiler, The Economics of Natural
Resource Use, Addison Wesley, 2nd Ed., Reading, 1997.
l t/p Credits
3 0 3
EM 715 – INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL
Regulatory requirements of
pollution control in industries, magnitudes of industrial waste generation and
their characteristics, Methods of waste reduction such as volume and strength
reduction, segregation, reuse, recycle, neutralization, equalization, proportioning.
Physico-chemical treatment
technologies for wastewater : Oil and grease removal, cyanide removal, removal
of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Combined effluent treatment
for industrial estates, selection procedure for physical, chemical and
biological methods of industrial wastewater treatment, management of industrial
wastes from small scale industries.
Process description,
waste/emission generation sources, pollution prevention, and treatment for the
following industries :
CEMENT
PULP AND PAPER
DISTILLERY
SUGAR
FERTILISER
TANNERY
DAIRY
TEXTILE
OIL REFINERIES
PHARMACEUTICAL
Text / References :
1. W.W. Ecrenfelder (1990), Industrial Pollution
Control : McGraw Hill Int. Ed.
2. Various publication of CPCB (about 20 in
numbers)
3. Papers published in various Journals &
Magazines.
l t/p
Credits
3 0 3
EM 717 - ENVIRONMENTAL
MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY
Microbes
and Environment : Microorganisms
and Organic Pollutants – Environmental
factors affecting biodegradation; Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants –
Pollutant sources and types, Aerobic conditions, Anaerobic conditions;
Bioremediation of organic pollutants; Microorganisms
and Metal Pollutants – Metal
bioavailability in the environment; Mechanisms of microbial metal resistance
and detoxification; Bio remediation of metal-contaminated soils, sediments and
aquatic systems; Microbes & bio-transformation of xenobiotics; Microbes and Environmental Consequences of
Microbial Activities – Microbially
Influenced Corrosion – Metal corrosion, Concrete corrosion; Acid mine drainage,
Metal recovery and desulfurization of coal; Biomethylation of metals and
metalloids; Bioleaching; Biofouling; Nitrate contamination of groundwater;
Biogenesis of halomethanes and other organohalogens.
Microbes
and Agriculture : Micorrhizal
Symbioses – Global perspective, Types of mycorrhizae, Uptake and transfer of
soil nutrients, Interactions with other soil organisms, Mycorrhizae in
reforestation; Problems and potential of inoculum production and use; Soil
biological control of plant diseases; Concept of bio-fertilizer;
Bio-pesticides; Microbial and Vermi composting.
Microbes
& Industry : Fermentation technology; Alternative energy source using
microorganisms; Role of microbes in effluent treatment; Recovery of vital
elements.
Text
/ References :
1.
Raina M. Maier, Environmental Microbiology.
2.
Gabriel Bitton, Wastewater Microbiology, 2nd Ed.,
Wiley-Liss, New York, 1999.
3.
Nester, Roberts, Microbiology.
4.
Black, Jacquelyn G., Microbiology : Principles and Explorations.
l t/p
Credits
3 0 3
MS
703 - PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
Introduction
: Project
management overview; Forms of project organisation; Project planning; Project
control.
Project
Identification and Presentation : Socio-economic consideration in project
formulation; Social infrastructure projects for sustainable development;
Investment opportunities; Project screening and presentation of projects for
decision making; Expansion of capacity; Diversification.
Market
and Technical Analysis : Market and demand analysis – Market survey, Demand forecasting, Uncertainties in demand
forecasting; Technical Analysis – Product mix, Plant capacity, Materials and
inputs, Machinery and equipment.
Project
Costing and Finance : Cost of project; Cost of production; Break even
analysis; Means of financing project; Tax aspects in project finance; Role of
financial institution in project finance.
Project
Appraisal : Time value of money; Project appraisal techniques – Payback period,
Accounting rate of return, Net present value, Internal rate of return, Benefit
cost ratio; Social cost benefit analysis; Effective rate of protection.
Risk
Analysis : Measures of risk; Sensitivity analysis; Simulation analysis; Decision
tree analysis.
Project
Scheduling/Network Techniques in Project Management : CPM and PERT
analysis; Float times; Crashing of activities; Contraction of network for cost
optimisation, updating; Cost analysis of resources allocation.
Multiple Projects : Project dependence; Capital
rationing; Ranking methods of projects; Mathematical programming approach;
Linear programming model; Post Project Evaluation.
Text / References :
1.
Bhavesh M. Patel, Project Management : Strategic Financial Planning
Evaluation and Control, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2000.
2.
Kahkonen K. Editor, Managing Risk in Project, E. & F. N. Spon,
London, U.K., 1997.
3.
Wysochi, Robert K., Bick Robert and Crane David B., Effective Project
Management, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2000.
l t/p
Credits
3 1 4
EM 721 - ADVANCED REMOTE
SENSING / GIS TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Monitoring the environment : Concept of
environment, economic benefits of remote sensing, the geographical uses of
remote sensing, sensors for
environmental monitoring.
Application of Remote Sensing : Weather analysis
and forecasting, Water in environment, Soil and landforms, Rocks and minerals,
Ecology, conservation and resource management, Landuse/landcover and crops, The
built environment, Hazards and disasters, Siting for waste, Coastal zone management,
Groundwater prospects.
A case study
Problems and Prospects : The limitation of
costs on satellite remote sensing, security restriction, handling large
quantities of data, the interface between technologist and user, Future
development.
GIS Perspectives : Environmental research, the
state of GIS for environmental problem-solving, GIS and environmental modeling.
GIS for modelers : Role of GIS software venders in integrating GIS and environmental
modeling.
Understanding the scope of GIS : Its relationship
to environmental modeling.
Data models and data quality : Problems and
prospects.
GIS in Environmental modeling : Hydrological
modeling, atmospheric modeling, landsurface-subsurface modeling,
biological/ecological modeling, infrastructure development planning , disaster
management and risk modeling
A case study
Text / References :
1.
T.M. Lillesand & R.W. Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994.
2.
Stan Morain, GIS solutions in Natural Resource Management, Onward
Press, USA, 1999.
3.
F. Kuehn et. al. Editors, Remote Sensing for site characterization,
springer-verlag, Germany, 2000.
4.
Anne Virner Moudon & Michael Hubner, Monitoring Land Supply with
GIS, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000.
5. P.J. Gibson and
C.H. Power, Introductory Remote Sensing : Digital Image Processing and
Applications, Taylor & Fransis, 2000.
l t/p Credits
3 1 4
EM 723 – ADVANCED STATISTICAL
TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
Time Series Analysis : Introduction; Correlogram
analysis; Autocorelation and partial autocorrelation function; Trend and moving
average analysis; Introduction to autoregressive and moving average models;
Yule walker equations; Identification, Estimation and diagnostic checking of
various stochastic models; Application of univariate models for daily average
pollutant concentration series.
Spatial Data Analysis : Optimising estimation –
Kriging; Introduction; Point kriging; Properties of kriging; Variogram
analysis; Practical aspects of kriging.
Risk and Reliability Analysis : Application of probabilistic
models in risk estimation; Catastrophic failure models; Hazard models;
Introduction to fuzzy logic theory in risk analysis; Uncertainty in risk
assessment and decision making; Reliability concepts : MTTF, MTBF; Bath tub curve;
Hazard rate and failure dencity functions; System measures; Fault tree
analysis; System reliability of series, parallel and non-series-parallel
systems; Reliability approximations and bounds; Reliability improvement –
component improvement and redundancy concept; Reliability allocation and
optimisation.
Extreme
Values Statistics : Introduction to extreme values; Applications –
Forecasting floods, Environmental pollution; Identifying outlying observations;
Families of distributions; Analysis extreme value data; Extremes of data
containing trends; Parameter estimation; Extremes of small samples; Reliability
computations for extreme value distributions.
Text / References :
1. Berthouex, P.M. and Brown, L.C. (1994). Statistics for
Environmental Engineers. Lewis Publishers, CRC Press.
2. Gilbert, R.O. (1987). Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, New
York, Van Nostrand Reinhold.
3. Keith, L.H. (Ed.) (1988). Principles
of Environmental Sampling ACS Professional References, American Chemical
Society.
4. Barnett, V. and Turkman, K.F. (1997). Statistics for the Environment
3: Pollution Assessment and
Control. Wiley, Chichetser
5. Barnett, V. and Turkman, K.F. (1994). Statistics for the Environment
2: Water related Issues.
Wiley, Chichetser
l t/p
Credits
3 1 4
EM 725 -
ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
Energy Policy & Planning : Energy (and
power) policies in the country, tariffs and subsidies, energy utility
interface, private sector participation in power generation, energy and
development , National energy plan , role of modelling in energy policy
analysis, Reference energy systems, Energy demand analysis, Econometric models,
Economics of utilisation of depletable and renewable resources, energy
investment planning and Energy pricing.
Energy Economics and Energy Audit : Energy Audit Concepts, Elements,
measurements , mass and energy balances, evaluation of energy conserving
opportunities. Presentation of reports, case studies, discounted cash flow,
present value concept, annual investments and rate of return.
Energy, Emissions to Air and Energy Management : Fossil fuels and
combustion, combustion calculation, emissions to air, energy accounting,
pollution accounting, energy uses and options for improvement.
Renewable
energy management and Environmental impact : Techno–Economics of
electric power generation through renewable sources, hydropower and its
constraints, Decentralized versus grid electricity for rural India. Wind
energy, technology & economics of wind energy, Economics of solar water
heating systems, photo voltaic technology, thermal gasification of Biomass,
economics of wood gasifier systems, Global climate change, CO2
reduction potential through renewable energy.
Text
/ References :
1.
Paul W. O’Callaghan, Integrated Environmental Management Hand Book,
John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1996.
2.
Paul W. O’Callaghan, Energy Management : A comprehensive guide to
reducing costs by efficient energy use, McGraw Hill Book Company, London, 1993.
3.
Harol W. Henry, Fredric W. Symonds etc., Energy Management : Theory and
practice, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1980.
4.
Hiren Sarkar and Gopal K. Kadekodi, Energy pricing in India :
perspectives, issues and options, 1988.
l t/p
Credits
3 1 4
EM 727 – ADVANCED
WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT DESIGN
Elementary Fluid Mechanics;
energy and momentum equation; Flow through pipes; Open channel flow.
Design of conventional water
treatment and sewage treatment plant for a given population and water supply
(Design shall include, Aeration - flow control & measurement devices, Flash
mixture, Clari-Flocculater, filtration, Backwashing, Chlorination &
Storage, Screen Chamber, Grit Chamber, Flow control & measurement, Primary
Sedimentation, Activated Sludge Process, Anaerobic Digestor, Sludge drying
beds.); hydraulic profile diagram.
Advance Wastewater Treatment
Techniques : Design of up flow anaerobic sludge blanket clarifier, Anaerobic
digestors, design considerations for Anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactors,
Hybrid reactor.
Text
/ References :
1. CPHEEO manual on Water Supply & Treatment.
2. Wastewater Treatment Plants-Planning, Design & Operation by
Qasim S.R.
3. EPA Publication.
4. CPHEEO manual on Sewerage & Sewage Treatment
5. Water purification & Wastewater Treatment & Disposal, by
Fair G.M., Geyer J.C. & Okun D.A., Wiley & Toppan.
6. Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal and use by Metceff
& Eddy, Inc. Revised, Tata, McGraw Hills.
7. Papers published in various Journals &
Magazines.
l t/p
Credits
3 1 4
EM
729 – ENVIRONMENTAL BIO-TECHNOLOGY
Biosensors in
Detection of Environment Pollutants – BOD sensor, Methane biosensor, Ammonia
and nitrate biosensor.
Biotechnology and
organic pollution; Biodegradation of halogenated hydrocarbons; Polycyclic
aromatic hydrogen; Pesticides and Detergents.
Biotechnology and
Radioactive Pollution – Bioleaching; Biosorption and Biodepollution of soils
contaminated by radio elements.
Use of
Biotechnology and commercial blends of Microorganism and Enzymes in wastewater
treatment, Production of immobilised Enzymes, Entrapped microbial cultures and
their utility in environmental biodegradation process, Potential application of
Recombinant DNA technology in waste treatment, Application of genetically
engineered microbes.
Xenobiotics and
microbial biotransformation – Recalcitrance of Xenobiotics, Co-metabolism,
Genetic regulation of Xenobiotic Biodegradation, Biodegradation of toxic organic pollutants by Aerobic &
Anaerobic and Anoxic biological processes.
Forestry and
Biotechnology :- Reforestation through micro-propagation; Somaclolal
variations; Induction of genetic variability and heriditability; Conservation
of endangered species; Biotechnology in preservation of bio-diversity; In situ
and ex situ conservation through gene banks.
Phytoremediation
:- Phytoremediation of xenobiotics and bioaccumulation of metals using plants.
Biodegradation of
petroleum constituents and associated
heavy metal, case study :- Bioremediation of Exxon Valdez Alaskan oil
SpillBiological desulphurization and denitification.
Microorganisms in
mineral and energy recovery and fuel and biomass production
Environmental
biotechnology in research and education; Planning and management of
bioremadiation and environmental biotechnology processes.
Text / References :
1.
Gabriel Bitton, Wastewater Microbiology, 2nd Ed.,
Wiley-Liss, New York, 1999.
2.
James M., Lynch & Alan Wiseman, Environmental Bio-monitoring : The
Biotechnology Ecotoxicology Interface, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
3.
S.K. Sikdur & R.L. Irvine, Bio-remediation Technologies, Technomic
Publishing Co., USA, 1998.
4. C. Ronnecael,
Biotechnology for Waste Management and Site Restoration.